论我国核电产业的自主创新战略

通过制定核电产业发展战略的关联分析模型,应用该模型对我国核电产业进行了分析。在此基础上,提出了我国核电产业“引进消化,自主创新,批量生产”的自主创新战略,并从核电站的设计、制造、建造与运营四个方面分析了我国核电产业自主创新战略的目标、核心和技术路线。认为中国核电产业自主创新战略应制定自主创新整体规化、建立健全自主创新的管理支持体系、构建核电科技自主创新平台、建立完善的市场竞争机制和法律支持体系等。     

江苏省交通事故损害赔偿案件法律适用研究

<道路交通安全法>于2004年5月1日施行,为处理交通事故损害赔偿案件提供了法律依据.但实践中,如何确定赔偿责任、责任主体、赔偿限额等问题因法律规定不详尽而存在适用争议.本研究拟通过热点问题,结合先后实施的法律法规、司法解释以及江苏省高等法院相关指导意见进行分析.探讨交通事故损害赔偿案件的法律适用.     

朝核问题之中国作用的双重性及策略选择

自2002年10月以来,朝核问题一直成为国际社会关注的热点问题。"三方会谈"以及6轮"六方会谈"的成功召开把朝核问题纳入到一个多边框架下解决。尽管中国在朝核问题上发挥了其他国家所不可替代的作用,但是,从朝核问题的发展过程上可以看出,中国的作用也受到了一定的局限。尽管解决朝核危机的钥匙不在中国手中,然而中国在朝核问题上的立场和今后的政策趋向不容忽视,它不仅与中国的当前利益密切相关,而且也将影响到中国未来所处的国际环境,关系到朝鲜半岛、东北亚地区乃至整个国际社会的安全与稳定。     

Analysis of the Treatment, by the U.S. Department of Energy, of the FEP Hydrothermal Activity in the Yucca Mountain Performance Assessment

The U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, 10 CFR Part 63, stipulates that the expected performance of the geological high-level nuclear waste repository must be demonstrated through a total system performance assessment (TSPA). The TSPA represents an analysis that identifies all features, events, and processes (FEPs) that might affect the disposal system and examines the effects of the identified FEPs upon the performance of the system. Secondary minerals from the thick unsaturated zone of Yucca Mountain were deposited from waters with temperatures up to 70-90 degrees C. U-Pb dating constrained the ages of the elevated temperatures to the period between 10 and 5-6 million years ago. Relatively youthful circulation of thermal waters (hydrothermal activity) would be of concern for the safety of the disposal facility. A phenomenological model was advanced by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which proposed that the minerals were deposited by infiltrating meteoric waters that were heated upon contact with the bedrock; it was hypothesized that the latter was conductively heated by a shallow silicic magma body. The model rendered processes responsible for elevated water temperatures inconsequential for the safety of the proposed nuclear waste facility. However, attempts by DOE at validating the model by means of numeric thermal simulations and analogue system observations were unsuccessful. Regulations specify two criteria for exclusion of a FEP from consideration in the TSPA: low probability and low consequence. The lack of a plausible phenomenological model makes it impossible to apply either of these two criteria to the FEP Hydrothermal Activity. Despite the lack of a valid criterion for exclusion, it was excluded from the TSPA. Both the development of DOE's thermal model and the formal FEP analysis were associated with deviations from DOE's quality assurance regulations.     

关于医患纠纷案件法律适用的探讨

我国的相关法律、法规及司法解释,对医患纠纷案件中有关医疗鉴定、法律适用等内容作出了规定,但由于该类案件涉及较多的医疗专业知识,审理思路与普通的民事案件有较大差异。在审理此类案件中经常出现鉴定乱、法律适用不统一的现象。围绕上述问题,就审理该类案件过程中医患纠纷的责任竞合、医疗鉴定问题、法律适用冲突问题进行探讨并提出相关的处理对策。     

引咎辞职触发缘由探微

在权力的运行过程中,实现权利和责任的统一是引咎辞职的政治学基础。官员因工作失误、失职造成重大损失或恶劣影响,要承担领导责任和道德责任是引咎辞职的理论依据。从具体缘由来看,发生重大责任事故是触发引咎辞职的惯常缘由。另外,无所作为、违反道德规范、言论失当等也是引咎辞职的触发缘由。     

国内摩托车交通安全问题解析

在实际工作中普遍认为非机动车与行人是交通参与者中的弱势群体,认为机动车是强者,却忽视了摩托车这一个特殊的群体,因为它们无论是在与行人、非机动车还是机动车发生事故时,都会受到损害,所以应该重视这一个特殊的群体,加强对摩托车事故的研究、分析,有效治理这一容易被人忽视的地带。     

Do Drivers of Small Cars Take Less Risk in Everyday Driving?

Previously reported observed data on risky everyday driving are brought together and reanalyzed in order to focus on the relation between risky driving and the size of the car being driven, as indicated by car mass. The measures of risky driving include separation between vehicles in heavy freeway traffic and speed on a two lane road. Observed seat belt use provides a third measure of driver risk. Confounding effects arising from the observed association between car mass and driver age are taken into account by segmenting the data into three driver age groups. Driver risk taking is found to increase with increasing car mass for each of these three aspects of everyday driving. The implications of these results with respect to driver fatality rates are discussed in terms of a simple model relating observed risky driving to the likelihood of involvement in a severe crash.     

核恐怖主义的国际法应对

核恐怖主义威胁是非传统安全领域日趋重要的问题。为应对这一挑战,国际社会通过了一系列的决议与条约,确立了国际原子能机构的核心地位,并进行了诸多国际合作项目的有益尝试,初步建立了反核恐怖主义的国际法框架。但这一框架仍有很多有待完善之处。并且,最终解决核恐怖主义必须根除产生它的土壤,这需要经济、政治、法律合力为之。     

Decision-Making, Time Horizons, and Risk in the Very Long-Term Perspective

Some decisions made today have far-reaching consequences as exemplified by those concerning nuclear power and spent nuclear fuel. The investigation presented here uses a decision theoretic framework in which time horizons and the discounting of negative consequences play significant roles. The results indicated wide variations in the lengths of the planning horizons judged to be adequate not only across a number of activities, including nuclear waste management, but also across groups of subjects (e.g., engineering students, retired people, and nuclear fuel experts). The paper reports typical judgments and correlations between different variables for different groups of subjects. The differences across groups reflect potential sources of conflict, depending in part on different values and different perceptions of more or less uncertain facts. Discounting functions for negative consequences in the future were also established. A range in differences in the speed of discounting were found and illustrated. Furthermore, it was found that substantial proportions in all groups regarded negative consequences related to nuclear waste as nondiscountable. When asked about the effect of time until outcome on acceptable probability of a negative outcome, many subjects used the probability concept in an incoherent way, illustrating the great difficulty in communicating small probabilities in a long-term risk context.